Leadership And Its Influence On Leadership - 1496 Words

ART I Leadership is the ability to obtain followers. Commitment will follow your leadership as you climb up the ladder your commitment will rise as well. People do not want to be managed they want to be led. There are many principles that will represent a great leader and help an individual obtain the followers trust. The principles mentioned in this book are influence, priorities, integrity, positive change, problem solving, positive attitude, attitude, vision, self-discipline, and staff development. These ten principles will achieve an individual the needed followers to become a leader. The book starts off by talking about the how influence takes a big part of the definition of leadership. There are five level of leadership: position, permission, production, people development, and personhood. The position entry level is usually obtained by a title or a position. In this level you will know your job description, consistent excellence, and do more than expected. Permissions is when you focus on people development and you interact with your heart and not you head. You will experience genuine love for people, will try to achieve win-win situation, and make those who work with you successful. Production is when you notice profit increase and turnover is low. At this level you will have the ability to empower others. You will be a valuable asset to the team, learn to attract other winners, developing others and leadership effort to your top 20 percent. Lastly, Personhood isShow MoreRelatedLeadership And Influence Of Leadership1001 Words   |  5 PagesLEADERSHIP INFLU ENCE QUESTION Leadership is a trait that has both fascinated me, yet eluded me for most of my life. Some say great leaders are born, I however disagree. I believe the qualities of leadership are born out of someone’s experiences, passion, and ambition. 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India and Different Religions Free Essays

Unity in Diversity in India India is probable the only country in the world where people belonging to different religions, castes and creeds, speaking different languages, having different cultures, different modes of living, different clothing, different feeding habits, worshiping different gods and deity live together in harmony and believe to be the children of one mother-MOTHER INDIA. They are one nation at large. They are governed by one central authority, have one Prime Minister, one president, one Supreme Court and one army chief. We will write a custom essay sample on India and Different Religions or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is why we say we have unity in diversity. Geographically India is a vast country so much so that even one of its states in bigger than many countries of Europe. But the whole country is well bounded by nature. In the north is the Himalayan Range. On the other side is the Indian Ocean, the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian sea. This provides, natural geographical unity to INDIA we have different religions in India. Apart from Hinduism we have the followers of Buddhism, Jainism, Islam, Sikhism, Christianity and Parsees. But Hindus form the greater majority. There are, no doubt, different factions, sections and sub-section but basically we all believe in the theory of Dharma and Karma. The theory of rebirth, purification of soul, salvation, Heaven and Hell holds good for each and every one. We untidily celebrate the festivals like Holy, Diwali, Charismas, Budh Jayanthi and Mahavir Jayanthi. This provides unity in diversity. India philosophy has developed on India soil. It has not been borrowed from anywhere. This has blended the various cultures together. There are differences in overall conception of gods, and modes of worship. These changes have been gradual due to interaction of different groups. But the ultimate aim of achieving salvation and the fear of Hell keeps them all bound together. Very important characteristic of Indian society is the coexistence of different ethnic groups. These groups formulated inter-group behavior. Hence there is no mutual interference as also no merging of their identity. There might be some drawback in our constitution such as separate provision for different castes; particularly the backward and scheduled castes and scheduled tribes but industrialization policy and agrarian reforms have generated a new secular outlook giving rise to a new culture. Members of different castes and communities and followers of different religions have come together in forms, factories and educational institution. As a result different cultures have been blended together thereby bringing unity among them. We have a cultural unity in India in as much as our philosophy of life, our customs, creeds and traditions are basically, more or less, the same. The institution of marriage, the very foundation of a society, exists all over the country and most of the rituals and sanskars are similar everywhere. Emotional unity plays its own part. The name of Bharat Mata brings us closer and closer together. In spite of different languages and dialects, Sanskrit, the language of Vedas, brings us all together because Sanskrit is the mother of all languages. The outstanding features of Indian culture responsible for bringing unity in diversity may be summarized as follows: (a) We Indians lay emphasis on spirituality, not on material wealth. (b) Religion has the most important place in India. We believe in Karma and Sanskar. Performance of duty is our religion. (c) Religion tolerance is the unique feature of religions in India. Hence there is no difficulty in coexistence of follower of different religion. (d) Hinduism, which forms majority of the population, has the capacity to absorb all good cultures. It has either absorbed the immigrant cultures or has largely influenced them. e) We have a very broad outlook. We preach and follow religion and spiritualism without ignoring married life and worldly things. (f) We firmly believe in freedom of thought and freedom of expression because such freedom enriches the culture which then becomes dynamic. Although unity to the desired extent has not been attained but all attempts by foreign agencies to disrupt it or disprove it have proved futile. We might be subject to regionalism and casteism in trifling matters but we always rise to the occasion in times of need such as foreign interference or invasion on our territory. This is sufficient to prove our unity in diversity. How to cite India and Different Religions, Papers

Critical Analysis of Various Macroeconomic

Question: Discuss about the Critical Analysis of Various Macroeconomic. Answer: Introduction: The conducted report contains a critical analysis of various macroeconomic indicators of Australia and the USA from the year 1990-2015.This report gives an idea that how real GDP performance is related to other indicators of the country. It tells us the correlation between the macroeconomic indicators of both the countries. Furthermore, this report explains that the movements in macroeconomic indicators of the country affect the economy (Austrade, 2016). On the basis of tables and graphs, it gives an overview of countries economic performance in the past years. Finally, this report tells that the tighter monetary policy followed by countrys government in the past decade. On the basis of important macroeconomic indicators it also forecasts the countrys recession or expansion in future. Real GDP growth related to other indicators in Australia and the USA Australian economy faced the recession challenge in the year 1990.GDP is slowed down in the year 1990-1992.Due to the slowdown of GDP growth percentage, that leads to an impact on other macroeconomic indicators like the rise in the unemployment rate and interest rate in the period between 1990-2000.As the recession ends in the year 1991, the growth rate of the economy is positive after 1992 to 2000.The rate of Unemployment also declined and the CPI inflation is also reduced at a certain level. There was an average improvement in the import and export rate of the economy of Australia that results in the growth and productivity in the year from 1990 to 2000. Australian GDP growth rate is Zigzag from the year 2000-2008(in below figure 1) and the rate of inflation is constant between those two years i.e. 2000-2001(rba, 2016).The other variables like import and export rate are increased and decrease at a moderate level. The increase in export leads to improve the financial stability of th e economy. The unemployment rate is declined as the GDP is increased. Inflation is also increased in recent years according to the growth in GDP. It is considered that there is in a rise in production at higher prices. In this scenario GDP and Inflation are both rises and the demand is exceeded the supply that leads to more competition in the market. The company needs to pay competitive wages to hold the labor. Exports percentage increased positively it shows that there is appreciation in the Australian dollar. It also maintains the balance of international payments (SMH, 2016). Figure 1: Macroeconomic indicators of Australia from the year 1990-2015 USA GDP growth is shown an average increase from the year 1990-2000.But after the year 2000, the GDP growth is zigzag (Shown in below figure: 2). Inflation seems to decease from 1990 to 2015.It seems that the supply factor is stronger than demand factor in the economy of USA. The unemployment rate is slightly improving in the past years. It means that there is moderate growth in GDP impacts the unemployment growth rate. Firms are produced moderate, so they need few workers. Technological and structural change is also the factor that reduced the unemployment at a moderate level. Technological changes lead to high output but it is difficult for some workers that have insufficient skills to operate the new change. The rate of interest is shown increased in most of the past years. When the economy is growing the banks, company and individual spend more money to save opportunity cost. At the time of boom demand for borrowed funds is high that it is profitable to expand (Dell, Jones and Ol ken, 2016). Figure 2 : Macroeconomic indicators of USA from the year 1990-2015 So, it seems from the above given data, it can be say that GDP is related to every economic indicator. Correlation between inflation, interest rate, and uemployment Inflation occurs when there is too much money is spends to chasing few goods in the economy. In the given table (Table: 3 Shown in Appendix) of Australian macroeconomic indicators, the Inflation rate is seen to be reduced as compare to the base year i.e. 1990 (Westphal and Rother, 2012).Inflation created a problem for central banks when it is constant rise. This situation arises when there is confusion between prices and wages of workers. The increase in price leads to the demand of high wages by workers, and it put pressure on companies to raise the wages. This can happen in the situation where the shortage of supply of labors. It indicates that strong GDP leads to risk for the interest rate. From the given table (Table: 3 and 4 shown in Appendix) it shows the negative correlation between the inflation and Interest rate. The degree of strength of the correlation is weak or it can be said that there is a weak correlation between the two variables. It depicts that if the inflation rises then the rate of interest rate is decreased. It means that the borrowing capacity is increased and people borrow more money due to the low-interest rate that results to consumers have more money to spend, that increased the inflationary pressure on the economy. Similarly, the correlation between interest rate and unemployment is also negative i.e. 0.37 (Ferraro, Rogoff and Rossi, 2015).The degree of strength of the correlation is weak. It means that the rise in interest rate leads to lower the unemployment rate in Australian and US economy. As the cost of borrowing is higher that leads to a reduction in investment and consumer spending. In turn, this means investments are less in the market that results in a reduction of new jobs in the market. This has a negative impact on the unemployment rate. In the second table (shown in the appendix) it shows the positive correlation between the interest rate and inflation variable in the US economy. The degree of strength is weak between two variables. Lower interest rate creates more borrowing power in the hands of consumers. And when a consumer spends more the economy grows and creating inflation. But as per the given data, it shows that the increase in interest rate impacts little positive on the inflation rate. As the interest rate increases the inflation is also increase little bit i.e. 0.36% (Jappelli, Pagano and Maggio, 2013). Correlation between the macroeconomic indicators in Australia and the USA As per the given data (shown in Appendix), it shows the positive correlation between the two countries in some of the macroeconomic indicators such as GDP rate, Inflation rate, import and export rate. And there is a negative correlation between two macroeconomic indicators, like unemployment and interest rates between two countries. There are various ups and down in the Australian economy in the years 1990-2015.The GDP percentage went down to negative in the year 1991 due to the recession and weak policies of the government. But after that period the GDP growth was moderate in the past years. It reached to the maximum percentage in the year 1999 i.e. 5.01 due to low inflation and unemployment in that particular year. Similarly, the GDP of USA had shown the moderate rise in the past years (Baskaran and Feld, 2013); it went down to negative in the years 1991, 2008, and 2009 due to the recession and low production of goods and services in the country. But after that, the signs of growth are positive in the economy of USA. It can be seen that the USA economy contributes to smoother outcomes in Australia. Other important variables like Inflation and import and export percentage of Australia is shown good in the past years. There is a positive correlation between Australian Inflation rate and USA Inflation rate i.e. 0.61.The degree of strength is good between these two variables of countrys economy.CPI inflation has shown declined positively in both the economies from past years. It means that the government has framed good monetary policies and the firms are confident and invested at large scale in both countries. Due to low inflation, both economies benefited from the financial crisis as the banking sector is strong so that the inflation is under control. Similarly, the import and export variables of both countries economy had shown the positive correlation i.e. 0.76 and 0.53 (Fan, Titman and Twite, 2012).The degree of strength is good among two variables. Import and export percentage increased annually at the moderate rate in both the economies. It depicts that the policies of inter national trade are flexible and minimum restrictions on import and export. The flexible policy benefited to consumers to buy goods and services at low prices. Lower tariffs encourage more exports in the economy. The increase in imports created a healthy competition in both the economies of the country. It also impacts the currency of the both the countries. From the given data of both the countries (shown in Appendix) it can be seen that if there is an increase or decrease of two variables (import and export) of one country, there is also a significant rise of two variables in another country also. Because both variables depend on each other country on the basis of cost, raw material, skills, and policies. The negative correlation between unemployment and the interest rate of the two countries, the degree of strength is a weak. It indicates that the increase in the rate of variables in one country results in the decrease in the rate of the similar variable in another country. Australia faced the issue of unemployment in past recent years may be due to financial crisis, wages problem and demography. Unemployment occurs due to wages problem in the country. Skilled labors get fewer wages as compared to their skills. At the same time, the USA outsourced the skilled labor with decent packages that reduces the level of unemployment in the USA. Another variable is interest rate is went down due to currency differences of two countries. Australia spends more to appreciate the value of the currency and the USA spends less to purchase the goods and services of the Australia. Due to differences in currencies of the two countries, the interest rates are inversely related to each other (Koellinger and Thurik, 2012). Tighter monetary policy in past decade As per the given data of both the countries, it is considered that the USA tightened the monetary policy as compared to Australia. Inflation data of Australia indicated the average increase of inflation rate was 2.73% from 1990-2015.And on the other hand in the USA, an average increase of inflation is 2.53% and the interest rate was 3.97% from 1990-2015 (Taylor, 2013).On the basis of Inflation rate data of the both the countries, it is considered that the USA had tightened the monetary policy due to the high inflation rate and interest rate. Tight monetary policy involves raising interest rates. High-interest rates lead to borrowings became more expensive so that the consumers and firms spend less. It encourages savings, Therefore firms and consumers have kept their money in the banks. Due to inflationary pressure, it affects the exchange rate of the country and tax structure.USA federal raising interest rates to appreciate the value of the dollar so that increase the savings rates i n the country (White, 2012). An appreciation in currency helps to reduce the inflationary pressure in the economy. The government also tightened the monetary policy to limit the supply of money. Due to less supply of money, it increases the demand for long-term bonds in the financial institutions. By sell off bonds there is a reduction in liquidity and therefore reduce the rate of lending in the market. High-interest rate does not always control the inflationary pressure in the countrys economy. There are other factors like for example rise of oil prices in tight monetary policy lowers the economic growth of the country. Australian government followed the easier monetary policy because the average rate of interest from the year 1990-2015 is 3.68% i.e. comparatively low from the USA. This policy helps countrys government to increase the money supply in the economy and lower interest rate increased the borrowings and spending capacity that helps into expansion of the countrys economy (Baxa et al., 2013) Macroeconomic outlook of Australia and the USA Australia economic outlook seems good as per the given data. From the year 1990-2000, the GDP growth rate was good. The economy was growing in these years. After the year 2000-2010, there were some obstacles in growth due to high unemployment rates and interest rates. As the economy was stagnant at that time due to poor governmental policies and plans, soon after the year 2000-2015, there was a moderate growth in the economy (Sheehan and Gregory, 2013). At the same time, Inflation and unemployment are also reduced at a certain level. It seems that the aggregate demand meets the supply factors. Production and consumption pattern of goods and services are maintained that is beneficial for the countrys economic growth. Data of Import and export had shown the signs of a rise in demand in the home and foreign countries. The current account deficit is improved due to increase in the level of export percentage. Similarly, import data has shown the expansion of the new market for the Austral ian economy due to high import rate. The Overall outlook is good and it will be better than expected, because the main macroeconomic pillars of the country i.e. real GDP, inflation, and Unemployment rate are constantly improved (IZA, 2016). On the other hand the USA macroeconomic outlook seems also good. The GDP growth rate was 2.42% from 1990-2015 as per given data. In 2008-2009, the GDP rate was continuously negative i.e. -0.29 and -2.78.The consequently negative GDP leads to recession for the country economy. Due to the recession, the rate of unemployment was also increased at that period. The countrys economy is grown moderate after the year 2009, USA federal tightened monetary policy to curb the inflation. It will help the economy to grow in the future and it will encourage growth and more investments in the country. Unemployment data of country falls constantly after 2009 that will enhance the optimal level of production in the economy, enhance buying power and fewer government borrowings in the country (Argy, 2013). As per the study of both the countries variables, it is forecast that the Australian economy will expand soon due to improvement in their macroeconomic indicators. Conclusions From the above study, it can be concluded that the real GDP, unemployment and inflation are the three main pillars of the countrys economy. Other macroeconomic indicators i.e. interest rate, import and export percentage which is based on these three important pillars. Further, it can be concluded that the both the countries tried to achieve the macroeconomic stability in the economy. When compared to both countries economic indicators, Australia had reduced the Unemployment rates in past decade. Similarly, on the other hand, USA had tightened the monetary policy to curb the inflation rate in the past years. Finally, it can be concluded that both countrys economy maintained their real GDP in the past decade. References Argy 2013. International Macroeconomics: Theory and Policy.UK: Routledge. Austrade 2016, A resilient economy.[Online].Available at: https://www.austrade.gov.au/International/Invest/Why-Australia/Growth (Accessed by: 10 September 2016) Baskaran, T. and Feld, L.P., 2013. Fiscal Decentralization and Economic Growth in OECD Countries Is There a Relationship?.Public Finance Review,41(4), pp.421-445. Baxa, J., Horvth, R. and VaÄ ek, B., 2013. Time-varying monetary-policy rules and financial stress: Does financial instability matter for monetary policy?.Journal of Financial Stability,9(1), pp.117-138. Checherita-Westphal, C. and Rother, P., 2012. The impact of high government debt on economic growth and its channels: An empirical investigation for the euro area.European Economic Review,56(7), pp.1392-1405. Dell, M., Jones, B.F. and Olken, B.A., 2012. Temperature shocks and economic growth: Evidence from the last half century.American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics,4(3), pp.66-95. Fan, J.P., Titman, S. and Twite, G., 2012. An international comparison of capital structure and debt maturity choices.Journal of Financial and quantitative Analysis,47(01), pp.23-56. Ferraro, D., Rogoff, K. and Rossi, B., 2015. Can oil prices forecast exchange rates? An empirical analysis of the relationship between commodity prices and exchange rates.Journal of International Money and Finance,54, pp.116-141. IZA 2016. Australia: The Miracle Economy.[Online].Available at https://ftp.iza.org/dp7505.pdf (Accessed: 10 September 2016) Jappelli, T., Pagano, M. and Di Maggio, M., 2013. Households' indebtedness and financial fragility.Journal of Financial Management, Markets and Institutions,1(1), pp.23-46. Koellinger, P.D. and Roy Thurik, A., 2012. Entrepreneurship and the business cycle.Review of Economics and Statistics,94(4), pp.1143-1156. Reserve Bank of Australia 2016. Australian Economy Snapshot.[Online].Available at https://www.rba.gov.au/snapshots/economy-snapshot/ (Accessed by: 10 September 2016) Sheehan, P. and Gregory, R.G., 2013. The resources boom and economic policy in the long run.Australian Economic Review,46(2), pp.121-139. Taylor, J.B., 2013. International monetary policy coordination: past, present and future,12 (34).pp.1-38. The Sydney morning herald 2016. GDP: Australia's economic growth accelerates in first quarter.[Online].Available at https://www.smh.com.au/business/the-economy/gdp-growth-accelerates-in-first-quarter-20160531-gp8nna.html (Accessed by: 10 Septmber) The World Bank 2016. World Development Indicators.[Online].Available at https://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=world-development-indicators (Accessed by: 10 September 2016) White, W.R., 2012. Ultra easy monetary policy and the law of unintended consequences.real-world economics review, pp.19-56.

Burmese Days by Gorge Orwell Essay Example

Burmese Days by Gorge Orwell Paper Based on Orwell’s experiences as a policeman in Burma, George Orwells first novel presents a devastating picture of British colonial rule. It describes corruption and imperial bigotry in a society where, after all, natives were natives interesting, no doubt, but finally an inferior people. When Flory, a white timber merchant, befriends Indian Dr Veraswami, he defies this orthodoxy. The doctor is in danger: U Po Kyin, a corrupt magistrate, is plotting his downfall. The only thing that can save him is membership of the all-white Club, and Flory can help. Florys life is changed further by the arrival of beautiful Elizabeth Lackersteen from Paris, who offers an escape from loneliness and the lie of colonial life. For Said, controversy about the postcolonial discourse begins with the term of re-presentation which gives the Westerners upper-hand as a â€Å"genuine creator, whose life-giving power represents, animates, constitutes, the otherwise silent and dangerous space beyond familiar boundaries† . This representation is so powerful which brought the concept of the Orient, first of all in Western academics, â€Å"then Western consciousness, and later Western empire. † The effect of this representation is the creation of binary opposition of the self and other which posits the former in the privileged position that permits himself to define, describe and articulate the Orient as she wishes, and the former in the position of a silent, disabled object of study. Said continues that one cannot make any distinction between representation and misrepresentation and the difference is matter of degree. We will write a custom essay sample on Burmese Days by Gorge Orwell specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Burmese Days by Gorge Orwell specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Burmese Days by Gorge Orwell specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Burmese Days is commonly referred to as an anti-imperialist novel which closes down ‘the entire genre of imperial heroics’. It is true that Orwell has created a novel which is distinguished from earlier colonial writings, such as those Kipling and Forster by, but as it has been mentioned before, ‘it lacks a firm commitment to antiaimperialism’, both on the part of Flory and his author’s or as Boehmer points out appropriately Burmese Days ‘does not diverge significantly from a colonialist semiotic’and it is an ‘ambivalent text’ . As Edward Said says that Intruders control the fiction and all types of writings and misrepresent the natives. They indirectly convey their message. Similarly Burma is viewed through a Westerner’s lens and functions just as a setting with its fauna and flora. The novel focuses on the White community and they are at the center and Burmans are totally marginalized in the novel. There is no hint of their culture, lifestyle, customs and etc. nd the novel concentrates on a Flory’s loneliness rather than a critique of imperialism and ‘the novel deals not so much with the problems of the Burmese as with the problems of the English in Burma’. Orwell is trapped in the role of Westerner’s representer by an ‘Orientalist mindset’ and personified in Flory who is torn between loyalty to British Raj and sentimental sympathy for the natives, ‘doubleness between membership among the dominant and an affinity for the dominated’. ‘He did not speak of his sympathy for the Burmese’ and follows the ‘White man’s code of silence in the East’. Holderness et al assert that if one takes the novel as a critique of imperialism, one cannot ‘find in this text a critique of racist assumptions’. For Orwell, anti-imperialism and anti-racism are two different things. Racism and racial bigotry are not criticized by the narrator and as Blyemel states, ‘Orwell’s exposure of extremist color prejudice is unsettling’. Edward Said in his essay talked about the misrepresentation of the natives. The natives are being stereotyped by associating animal imagery with them. In this novel ‘Unironic use of adjectives’ for natives is very unsettling too, when the narrator calls the Burmese as swines, ticks, black coolies, the sneaking, cowardly hounds, bloody sods, damned and smelly natives,gutless curs, yellow bellies, evil and unclean Orientals, greasy little babus, little pot-bellied dirty niggers,those with the scents and stench of coconut oil, sandalwood, garlic, cinnamon, turmeric, sweat, and those with black skins, brown, malicious and epicene faces and filthy black lips. Orientalism is closely related to the concept of the Self and the Other because as Said points out in his second definition of Orientalism, it makes a distinction between the Occident, i. e. self and the Orient, i. e. the Other. Since the analysis of the relationship of the self and the other is at the heart of Postcolonialism and many define Postcolonialism in terms of the relationship of the self and the Other. For instance, Boehmer emphasizes that ‘Postcolonial theories swivel the conventional axis of interaction between the colonizer and colonized or the self and the Other’. The Self and the Other can be translated to the Occident / Orient, us /them, The West /the rest, center/margin, metropolitan/colonial subjects, vocal/silent. In all these cases Western literary and cultural canon defines its other in relation to himself, the other is an alien and alter ago, to and of the self, as the inferior reflection of Europe. By the process of Othering, the colonizers treat the colonized as ‘not fully human’, and as a result, it dehumanizes natives. Othering codifies and fixes the self as the true human and the other as other than human. The Colonizers consider themselves as the embodiment of â€Å"proper self† while label the colonized as â€Å"savages†. Said focuses on the Myth of purity- which states that everything should be pure,there is no mixing of the language, tradition, culture etc. so the westerns create binary oppositions. â€Å"Burmese Days† revolves around the binary opposition of the Self and the Other, and the very essence of the Club is to make the distinction between the whites and non-whites more conspicuous. Hence, all the characters of the novel lay fitly on two categories: The natives and non-natives, the whites and non-whites, the Indians and Anglo-Indians, the familiar or stranger, the civilized and uncivilized or barbaric, the European and Asian, the us and them, and the Self and the Other. In addition, a set of stereotypes and cliches are attributed to the natives that have contributed to Orientalize them. The Orient and Orientals are stamped with an otherness says Said, and this otherness is a threat that should be avoided. In all colonial novels, some negative attitudes and a set of fixed cliches are ascribed to this otherness. Edward Said underscores that the starting point for all Orientalists is to recognize these stereotypes. It is not a difficult task to see; to some extent these images come true in â€Å"Burmese Days†. For instance, all the natives particularly the servants are lazy and lethargic, as Mrs. Lackersteen complains about the laziness of the servants , or Ko S’la, Flory’s servant is lazy and dirty, and his ex-wife as ‘a fat, lazy cat’ . U Po Kyin, more than anyone else stands for cunning, intrigue and flattery which were mentioned earlier. His brain though cunning was quite barbaric . For their distorted minds, Eliza mocks them for blocking up the roadway for spectacle, as Flory answered that ‘there are no traffic regulations here’ . Flory calls Ma Hla May a ‘liar’ when she said no brown hands touched me, however the readers know that she had an affair with a brown man. The Orientals have no nobility and grace except by accompanying and camaraderie with the occidentals. U Po Kyin and Veraswami’s efforts for admission to the Club are for this nobility and prestige, as Dr. Veraswami pointed it in his example of barometer. For mistreatment to animals, one can remember the scene that ‘a fat yellow woman with her longyi hitched under her armpits was chasing a dog round a hut, smacking at it with a bamboo and laughing. ’ Recurring images do not confine to the above mentioned and many other labels such as superstition, strangeness, polygamy are also attributed to the Orientals. The natives believe that the ‘strips of alligator hide’ has magical properties ; Ma Hla May sometimes puts love-philters in Flory’s food; â€Å"The Burmese bullock-cart drivers seldom grease their axles, probably because they believe that the screaming keeps away evil spirits† ; as the medicine, they eat and drink ‘herbs gathered under the new moon, tigers whiskers, rhinoceros horn, urine, menstrual blood! ’ And finally Weiksa or magician who distributes magic bullet-proof jackets. Edward Said points out that Oreint is always seen as mysterious and a muddle for the Occidents. Burma is an exotic place for Westerners and Orientals, strangeness and exoticism generate from that exotic locale. Elizabeth is terrified by this ‘strangeness’, as Adela in â€Å"A Passage to India† did. Accordingly, the bushes are foreign-looking, rhythms of the tropical seasons and hollow cries are strange ; Eliza among the natives’ spectacle wishes to escape from this strange place to familiar one, i. e. the Club and she always barked at strange Orientals Ko S’la is an ‘obscure martyrs of bigamy’ and Li Yeik, the Chinese shopkeeper had two girls as his concubines. In short, in Burmese Days like other colonial novels, a web of colonial images and cultural stereotypes are attributed to the Burmese which fix them in their inferior position. Elizabeth as a memsahib is also bigoted and she felt ‘the hatefulness of being kin to creatures with black faces’ . Eliza’s overt racism is also shown in two occasions: when Flory, assuming that ‘she was different from that herd of fools at the Club’ and she will appreciate native’s culture, took her to a pwe, a kind of Burmese play. Another occasion was when they paid a visit to bazaar. At first she is shocked when she sees how they have blocked the road for their performance, and Flory answers that â€Å"there are no traffic regulations here. The native music is a ‘fearful ‘pandemonium, a strident squeal of pipes, a rattle like castanets and the hoarse thump of drums’ . Elizabeth felt insecure to go among ‘that smelly native crowd’ and she watches ‘the hideous and savage spectacle’ with tediousness and horror: Its grotesque, its even ugly, with a sort of willful ugliness. And theres something sinister in it too. Theres a touch of the diabolical in all Mongols. And yet when you look closely, what art, what centuries of culture you can see behind it! †¦Whenever you look closely at the art of these Eastern peoples you can see thata civilization stretching back and back, practically the same, into times when we were dressed in woad. Eliza comes from the ‘civilized places, and her superiority is blatantly expressed when she calls them with a very offensive term even in that time, Mongols. She considers the White racially and civilizationally superior to the Burmese. The word woad signifies that the present-day Burma is less civilized than the ancient Briton (in that times, woad was used for painting their bodies). Furthermore, they are connected to devil and devil worship (as the term diabolical and sinister connote); besides, the dancer girl becomes a ‘demon’ figure for her. In the bazaar’s scene, Eliza once more humiliates the Orient and Orientals. The bazaar is described as ‘large cattle pen’ by ‘a cold putrid stench of dung or decay’, and ‘Everythings so horribly dirty’. Eliza becomes insecure and asked herself why Flory has brought her to ‘watch their filthy, disgusting habits’ (Ibid). The barbarity of the bazar and absolute savages was stifling her. The natives were ‘damnably dressed’. All the children are naked and one was ‘crawling like a large yellow frog’. The Chinese women practice deforming their insteps, a sign of being ‘behind the times’, an anachronism. She is too arrogant to say thank you to girls fanned them and poured out tea. It is a ‘sort of infra dig’ to sit in their houses. At length Eliza cannot tolerate the ‘absolutely disgusting people’ and ‘beastly Oriental things’ and went out. Flory tries to calm her down that one should not expect all the people behave at the same manner, suppose, for instance, you were back in the Middle Ages. Flory, the protagonist of the novel, at the first look, is against British Empire and he hates the devotion to Pukka Sahib code. He is ashamed of themselves and wonders how they oppose to Veraswami’s admission in the club only for his black skin. This seemingly animosity toward British Empire is revealed during a long conversation with Dr. Veraswami that he admits that we are here to â€Å"rub our dirt on them, and â€Å"wreck the whole Burmese national culture†. He goes further and prefers Thibaw, the last king of Burma to his white fellows. He believes that we do not have any â€Å"purpose except to steal†. What bothers Flory more than anything else is a lie,‘slimy white man’s burden humbug’, the pukka sahib pose. Flory knows that this lie corrupts not only the natives, but also the Whites themselves. The colonizers ‘build prison and call it progress’.

The Adventures of Huckleberry essays

The Adventures of Huckleberry essays The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn picks up where The Adventures of Tom Sawyer leaves off. Tom and Huck discovered 12 thousand dollars and Judge Thatcher invested the money for them. Huck is a young boy who loves to spend time in the outdoors. Unfortunately Hucks father has abandoned him so he lives with the Widow Douglas. The Widow Douglas and her sister Mrs. Watson try to teach Huck right from wrong. Tom and Huck decide to start a gang and get some buddies to join them. They soon get bored of make believe battles so the group breaks apart. Hucks father returns and tries to take Hucks money from him. He threatens Huck and tells him not to go to school anymore. The Widow Douglas tries to get full custody of Huck, but the new judge in town will not let her. Not long after Pa gets Huck away from Widow Douglas and goes to a log cabin. Pa starts to beat Huck so he wants to get away. He kills a pig and spreads the blood everywhere so Pa would think it was him. Huck finds a canoe and floats down the river to Jackson Island. Huck sets a camp site up and stays there for a while. After a while he runs into a campfire and wants to find out who else is on the island. He is a little frightened, but he still wants to know who is on the island with him. The next day he finds out that it is Mrs. Watsons slave, Jim. Jim was scared because he thought Huck was dead. He got over it though because he liked having a friend with him now. Jim and Huck have become good buddies on this island all alone. The river starts to rise and they see a whole house float by. They decide to hop on it to see what they can find. They never thought they were going to find a dead man in the corner, but they did. Jim goes over to look at the body and realizes that it is Pa. He doesnt want to tell Huck. After this Huck returns to town dressed like a girl so no one will know that he is still alive. He wants to ...

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