Impact Of Homelessness On Our Life - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2872 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/03/26 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Homelessness Essay Did you like this example? Homelessness is a problem that can be seen when looking just below the surface of the many social problems our country has. Homelessness is a problem that has no regard for its victims. People of all ages, races, gender and religions can be impacted by homelessness. The primary reason that is attributed to homelessness is the lack of affordable housing. Over five million low-income households have struggled to maintain their home due to high housing costs and or substandard housing conditions. (Doorways, 2018) The homeless people in our communities struggle day after day to find somewhere to live or wonder where their next meal will come from. Food and shelter are the basis for our human society to be able to stay afloat in any environment we are put in. There are more families that endure homelessness in the United States than in any other industrialized nation. (Doorways, 2018) The sad reality is that one in thirty American children experience homelessness annually and even more saddening, fifty one percent are under age five. (Doorways, 2018) Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Impact Of Homelessness On Our Life" essay for you Create order Over two million children are homeless each year in America. Family homelessness has continued to be a problem that is getting worse and worse over time. At a national level, eighty five percent of providers have seen family homelessness increasing in recent years. (Doorways, 2018) Based on the cost to live in different cities across the United States and the varying pay in salaries, one in four renters spends more than half their income on housing and almost half need to pay over thirty percent of their incomes on rent. (Doorways, 2018) Many families who become homeless did or do have employment but there are many changing factors can contribute aside from the pay itself not being enough to sustain the financial responsibilities needed to avoid from falling into a homeless state or cycle. Sometimes families go through life changing events such as loss of hours at work, a sick family member, domestic violence or another extreme event that causes a rippling effect that makes the family fall victim to homelessness. (End Homelessness, 2018) Family homelessness can spiral out of control quickly. The impact that is has on those who endure it can be life changing. This problem is only getting bigger and we need to take action to help slow down the speed at which is it happening and additionally, move to a more proactive state. The challenge to get back to a stable place comes with many hurdles. The earlier that society can help someone who has fallen homeless, the sooner they are able to be a contributing member to society. Another concept that must be considered and understood when learning about homelessness, is understanding the impact it has on children that go through it. A typical homeless family is comprised of a young, single mother, with little to no education and her two young children. (Doorways, 2018) The financial challenges along with the family wellbeing make for a difficult return but it can be done. Across the United States, the high housing costs and the shortages of available homes has begun to be more and more evident. These adverse effects impact businesses, workers and our economy. The demand for affordable housing exceeds the supply by five point three million units. (No Place Like Home, 2018) Because of the economic boom from the 1990s, the current population in the United States is somewhat split into two groups. Over two-thirds of Americans currently own their own home and this is more than we have ever seen in our history. (No Place Like Home, 2018) On the other side though, for those looking to buy or rent a home now, the properties have so drastically increased that most people cannot afford to buy or rent. This begins the cycle we are trying to break when it comes to homelessness. Food and shelter are probably two of the most basic human needs we have and it is not only used for comfort, but we need these two critical items so that we can foster an environment for p ositive childhood development, self-esteem and over family success and well-being. What do we consider to be affordable housing in the United States? We tend to think that affordable entails the cost of a mortgage or rent not exceeding thirty percent of the median family income in a given area. (No Place Like Home, 2018) A research study showed that in Bostons South End, the average two bedroom apartment had a monthly cost of about $1400.00 and this by far exceeds the thirty percent margin for affordability. (No Place Like Home, 2018) In Massachusetts as a whole, a study estimated that between 1990 and 1997, more than two hundred thousand people had to leave the state. The main reason cited for their departure was because of the lack of affordable causing. (No Place Like Home, 2018) Our low income families are not the only ones that are impacted by the lack of affordable housing. We are also starting to see a spike and trend of a growing problem in the suburbs. Many companies have moved locations due to tax breaks and other varying factors. Traffic filled highways and polluted air also drives companies to move into different areas. We should be concerned about housing for moderate-income citizens such as police officers, firefights, teachers, nurses and other types of these workers since they are a s tabilizing force for the community. Their services are critical for our society to be able to move forward and functioning. It is concerning when they are not able to live and work in a close proximity as this also begins to create an opportunity for financial struggles that could lead to homelessness. (No Place Like Home, 2018) We can only imagine that if our moderate-income workers are struggling to maintain a financially healthy life style, our lower-income families will more than likely fall victims to a greater dependency on different government services or worse, become homeless. We have seen a pattern across the nation where our government has cut back on construction, maintenance, and subsidies for low-income housing. (No Place Like Home, 2018) This change combined with the growing economys real-estate market, has created a very evident affordable housing crisis that can only lead to assuming will get worse if we do not take appropriate actions now. These experts predict that the problem is likely to get worse because salaries are not increasing at the same rate as the cost of living and the available places for housing is continuing to decrease. (No Place Like Home, 2018) Businesses in our society may need to take a stand when their workforce impacts the companys ability to produce their products or services like they have with education and health care due to workers not being able to afford to get to work, not making enough money to sustain their home or other varying factors. Having affordable housing is a need for every person in our country because it is a fundamental necessity to being able to provide and sustain a positive environment for ourselves and families. Not being able to have an affordable place to live only leads to more problems, especially for our children. (No Place Like Home, 2018) One of the most unintended consequence that happens when a family falls victim to homelessness is the separation of children from their families. Some shelters do not allow men or older boys to live with women and younger children. Separations are not uncommon in shelters although the effects can become a cycle and some families even have a more formal separation that is guided through the courts and a formal foster care system when a family cannot find a friend or a family member that can take the child in. The facts are chilling when we see the numbers that separations on homeless families has. One study shows that sixteen percent of 8,251 children under sixteen who entered shelters with their families in New York City for the first time in 1996 spent quite some time in out-of-home placements in the child welfare system (before shelter or within the next five years). (ACF, 2018) The study also found that five years after entering a shelter in New York City in 1988, forty four perce nt of mothers experiencing homelessness had become separated from one or more of their children, compared to only eight percent of continuously housed mothers. (ACF, 2018) Millions of children experience homelessness every year. The children will sleep anywhere they can find a warm or cool place to stay such as cars, shelters and abandoned buildings. (Doorways, 2018) Most of these children are part of families that are constantly moving and as a result, takes the child out of school and pulled away from family and friends. In the course of a year, about one point six million children will experience homelessness. Studies show that in any given day, more than 200,000 children have no place to live. (Child Separation among Families Experiencing Homelessness, 2018) The problems that plague homeless children are endless. Homeless children get sick at twice the rate of other children, have twice as many ear infections, four times the rate of asthma and five times more diarrhea and stomach problems. (Doorways, 2018) Additionally, with all of these illness that the homeless children contract, not having healthy food only adds to the problem. Homeless children are twice as likely to experience hunger which leads to additional negative effects on the physical, social, emotional and cognitive development of children. (Doorways, 2018) Up to twenty six percent of homeless preschoolers have mental health issues. When looking at the population of children from age six to eleven this increases twenty four to forty percent. (Doorways, 2018) One in three homeless children who reach the age of eight usually have a major mental disorder and this leads to the child suffering from emotional or behavioral problems that cause issues with their learning almost three times to rate of other children. (Doorways, 2018) Although eighty seven percent of school-age homeless children are enrolled in school, only about seventy seven percent attend regularly. Part of the challenge is that most schools do not allow children who do not have all of their medical records or a permanent address register. (Doorways, 2018) As the child gets older, many times their struggles only become more intense. When compared to other children, homeless children are four times as likely to have developmental delays, twice as likely to have learning disabil ities and twice as likely to repeat a grade. (Doorways, 2018) Homelessness can impact many people of all different walks of life and the long term effects can be detrimental. In the society we live in today, we have the ability to help those who end up homelessness and possibly even preventing it from happening or becoming a cycle. There are three main ways that we can address homelessness and they are prevention, emergency response and housing, accommodation and supports. (Prevention, 2018) All of these solutions ultimately create and foster an environment where those impacted can re-stabilize if they are provided housing. When we talk about prevention, we need to understand how we can help families avoid from becoming homeless in the first place. Emergency response refers to how quickly we, as a society, can help provide important tangible items to help the family such as shelter, food, and day to day needs. Once a family is homeless, it is equally important to provide ongoing services to help them transition as quickly as possible. The soone r we are able to provide support for impacted families, the sooner they can return to being an ongoing contributor to our society. (End Homelessness, 2018) The international evidence reveals that homelessness prevention makes sense from social and economic perspectives. Evaluations of prevention initiatives in Germany, England, and the UK demonstrated that prevention contributed to the reduction of homelessness. (Prevention, 2018) In Canada, research on the importance of discharge planning from correctional facilities, hospitals, and shelters provides evidence that prevention efforts can and will be successful in the Canadian context. (Prevention, 2018) There is not a definitive black and white solution on preventing homelessness but evidence and research shows that we do need to move to a proactive state and investing in our community to prevent it is something we all need to take interest in and most importantly, invest into. Rapid re-housing provides support to newly homeless families with support to searching for homes, financial assistance and other management services to help the family transition as soon as possible back into a home from a shelter. At times, there are families that may need additional or more long-term assistance to have a positive experience transitioning. The government provides many benefits that the family can use to create a new foundation for their family to begin building on. Some of these programs include child care, employment assistance, early childhood services, income support and or mental health accessibility. (End Homelessness, 2018) Homelessness really emerged in the mid-1980s in the United Stated and we have used a variety of services to respond to peoples crisis. Our society will always have a need to provide emergency services to our citizens and the goal should be to provide short term and effective solutions but this has not been the trend we have seen. These services are becoming longer term solutions because of the challenge people are finding to be able to recreate their stability within our community. (Prevention, 2018) Our neighboring country, Canada, has created different policies and practices to move to a more proactive state versus reactive. (Prevention, 2018) Canada created the Housing First approach throughout their country. (Prevention, 2018) The Housing First model aims to provide housing and additional needed support for citizens experiencing ongoing homelessness with no housing readiness requirements. (Prevention, 2018) Looking a little deeper into how we can address homelessness, we can learn from other countries what tactics they have explored. In Canada, they have created a typology of homelessness prevention that might also be fitting for the United States. The model is composed of five layers: structural prevention, systems prevention, early intervention, eviction prevention and housing stability. (Prevention, 2018) Structural prevention is based on legislation, policy, and investment that create assets, and increases social inclusion and equality for the different members of society. Some examples of structural prevention would be increasing the number of affordable places, educating the public on poverty reduction strategies and different types of income supports. (Prevention, 2018) Systems prevention addresses aims to address institutional and system burdens or hurdles that play into the risk of homelessness. Some examples include people who have disabilities, language barriers, and citizens hip requirements. (Prevention, 2018) As mentioned earlier, early intervention is about timely support for individuals and families who are risk of becoming homeless or recently became homeless. Providing medication, shelter, food and case management would be examples of quickly addressing the needs. Evictions prevention focuses on programs and initiatives that help people stay in their home and avoid being evicted from their home. Needs to ensure this happens would be legislation between landlord/tenant, emergency funds when the individual or family does not have sufficient funds to pay their rent and legal advice and representation. Lastly and equally important is housing stability which helps people who have experienced homelessness make a quick and smooth transition back into their home and never have to experience it again. Helping our citizens ensure they are being paid fairly, have the support they need for themselves and family when they have rough times, play a critical part in avoiding the cycle to repeat itsel f once it has begun. (Prevention, 2018) Homelessness is a very serious issue that impacts many people and cities in our country. We know that it does not discriminate against its victims and it can become a vicious cycle for anyone who gets caught in it. It is important that we learn about it and try to help those who have experienced it. The numbers are saddening to know that in the Home of the Free, nothing really is free and even those who have worked really hard to have an education, work endless hours and believe in the dream of a better tomorrow, often are caught in the worries of how they will pay for their homes or how they will be able to put food on the table for themselves and family. We should not have any children experience homelessness and for our teens and adults who are caught in the midst of such tragedy, we should be able to quickly offer support and assistance to ensure that this is a onetime tragedy and not an expectation for the next years of their lives. Homelessness can have an impact on many people and not just those enduring the experience. We will exhaust more resources if we do not take proactive measures to try to address the problem. We will also have more children who experience long term struggles with their physical, mental and emotional wellbeing if we do not take action now. While we may not be able to fix this problem on our own, we have enough opportunity to learn, educate and contribute to help lessen the impact homelessness has in our communities. Together we can make a difference and we must become more proactive and invest into this cause. Our future truly does depend on the actions we take today.

Leadership And Its Influence On Leadership - 1496 Words

ART I Leadership is the ability to obtain followers. Commitment will follow your leadership as you climb up the ladder your commitment will rise as well. People do not want to be managed they want to be led. There are many principles that will represent a great leader and help an individual obtain the followers trust. The principles mentioned in this book are influence, priorities, integrity, positive change, problem solving, positive attitude, attitude, vision, self-discipline, and staff development. These ten principles will achieve an individual the needed followers to become a leader. The book starts off by talking about the how influence takes a big part of the definition of leadership. There are five level of leadership: position, permission, production, people development, and personhood. The position entry level is usually obtained by a title or a position. In this level you will know your job description, consistent excellence, and do more than expected. Permissions is when you focus on people development and you interact with your heart and not you head. You will experience genuine love for people, will try to achieve win-win situation, and make those who work with you successful. Production is when you notice profit increase and turnover is low. At this level you will have the ability to empower others. You will be a valuable asset to the team, learn to attract other winners, developing others and leadership effort to your top 20 percent. Lastly, Personhood isShow MoreRelatedLeadership And Influence Of Leadership1001 Words   |  5 PagesLEADERSHIP INFLU ENCE QUESTION Leadership is a trait that has both fascinated me, yet eluded me for most of my life. Some say great leaders are born, I however disagree. I believe the qualities of leadership are born out of someone’s experiences, passion, and ambition. 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India and Different Religions Free Essays

Unity in Diversity in India India is probable the only country in the world where people belonging to different religions, castes and creeds, speaking different languages, having different cultures, different modes of living, different clothing, different feeding habits, worshiping different gods and deity live together in harmony and believe to be the children of one mother-MOTHER INDIA. They are one nation at large. They are governed by one central authority, have one Prime Minister, one president, one Supreme Court and one army chief. We will write a custom essay sample on India and Different Religions or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is why we say we have unity in diversity. Geographically India is a vast country so much so that even one of its states in bigger than many countries of Europe. But the whole country is well bounded by nature. In the north is the Himalayan Range. On the other side is the Indian Ocean, the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian sea. This provides, natural geographical unity to INDIA we have different religions in India. Apart from Hinduism we have the followers of Buddhism, Jainism, Islam, Sikhism, Christianity and Parsees. But Hindus form the greater majority. There are, no doubt, different factions, sections and sub-section but basically we all believe in the theory of Dharma and Karma. The theory of rebirth, purification of soul, salvation, Heaven and Hell holds good for each and every one. We untidily celebrate the festivals like Holy, Diwali, Charismas, Budh Jayanthi and Mahavir Jayanthi. This provides unity in diversity. India philosophy has developed on India soil. It has not been borrowed from anywhere. This has blended the various cultures together. There are differences in overall conception of gods, and modes of worship. These changes have been gradual due to interaction of different groups. But the ultimate aim of achieving salvation and the fear of Hell keeps them all bound together. Very important characteristic of Indian society is the coexistence of different ethnic groups. These groups formulated inter-group behavior. Hence there is no mutual interference as also no merging of their identity. There might be some drawback in our constitution such as separate provision for different castes; particularly the backward and scheduled castes and scheduled tribes but industrialization policy and agrarian reforms have generated a new secular outlook giving rise to a new culture. Members of different castes and communities and followers of different religions have come together in forms, factories and educational institution. As a result different cultures have been blended together thereby bringing unity among them. We have a cultural unity in India in as much as our philosophy of life, our customs, creeds and traditions are basically, more or less, the same. The institution of marriage, the very foundation of a society, exists all over the country and most of the rituals and sanskars are similar everywhere. Emotional unity plays its own part. The name of Bharat Mata brings us closer and closer together. In spite of different languages and dialects, Sanskrit, the language of Vedas, brings us all together because Sanskrit is the mother of all languages. The outstanding features of Indian culture responsible for bringing unity in diversity may be summarized as follows: (a) We Indians lay emphasis on spirituality, not on material wealth. (b) Religion has the most important place in India. We believe in Karma and Sanskar. Performance of duty is our religion. (c) Religion tolerance is the unique feature of religions in India. Hence there is no difficulty in coexistence of follower of different religion. (d) Hinduism, which forms majority of the population, has the capacity to absorb all good cultures. It has either absorbed the immigrant cultures or has largely influenced them. e) We have a very broad outlook. We preach and follow religion and spiritualism without ignoring married life and worldly things. (f) We firmly believe in freedom of thought and freedom of expression because such freedom enriches the culture which then becomes dynamic. Although unity to the desired extent has not been attained but all attempts by foreign agencies to disrupt it or disprove it have proved futile. We might be subject to regionalism and casteism in trifling matters but we always rise to the occasion in times of need such as foreign interference or invasion on our territory. This is sufficient to prove our unity in diversity. How to cite India and Different Religions, Papers

Critical Analysis of Various Macroeconomic

Question: Discuss about the Critical Analysis of Various Macroeconomic. Answer: Introduction: The conducted report contains a critical analysis of various macroeconomic indicators of Australia and the USA from the year 1990-2015.This report gives an idea that how real GDP performance is related to other indicators of the country. It tells us the correlation between the macroeconomic indicators of both the countries. Furthermore, this report explains that the movements in macroeconomic indicators of the country affect the economy (Austrade, 2016). On the basis of tables and graphs, it gives an overview of countries economic performance in the past years. Finally, this report tells that the tighter monetary policy followed by countrys government in the past decade. On the basis of important macroeconomic indicators it also forecasts the countrys recession or expansion in future. Real GDP growth related to other indicators in Australia and the USA Australian economy faced the recession challenge in the year 1990.GDP is slowed down in the year 1990-1992.Due to the slowdown of GDP growth percentage, that leads to an impact on other macroeconomic indicators like the rise in the unemployment rate and interest rate in the period between 1990-2000.As the recession ends in the year 1991, the growth rate of the economy is positive after 1992 to 2000.The rate of Unemployment also declined and the CPI inflation is also reduced at a certain level. There was an average improvement in the import and export rate of the economy of Australia that results in the growth and productivity in the year from 1990 to 2000. Australian GDP growth rate is Zigzag from the year 2000-2008(in below figure 1) and the rate of inflation is constant between those two years i.e. 2000-2001(rba, 2016).The other variables like import and export rate are increased and decrease at a moderate level. The increase in export leads to improve the financial stability of th e economy. The unemployment rate is declined as the GDP is increased. Inflation is also increased in recent years according to the growth in GDP. It is considered that there is in a rise in production at higher prices. In this scenario GDP and Inflation are both rises and the demand is exceeded the supply that leads to more competition in the market. The company needs to pay competitive wages to hold the labor. Exports percentage increased positively it shows that there is appreciation in the Australian dollar. It also maintains the balance of international payments (SMH, 2016). Figure 1: Macroeconomic indicators of Australia from the year 1990-2015 USA GDP growth is shown an average increase from the year 1990-2000.But after the year 2000, the GDP growth is zigzag (Shown in below figure: 2). Inflation seems to decease from 1990 to 2015.It seems that the supply factor is stronger than demand factor in the economy of USA. The unemployment rate is slightly improving in the past years. It means that there is moderate growth in GDP impacts the unemployment growth rate. Firms are produced moderate, so they need few workers. Technological and structural change is also the factor that reduced the unemployment at a moderate level. Technological changes lead to high output but it is difficult for some workers that have insufficient skills to operate the new change. The rate of interest is shown increased in most of the past years. When the economy is growing the banks, company and individual spend more money to save opportunity cost. At the time of boom demand for borrowed funds is high that it is profitable to expand (Dell, Jones and Ol ken, 2016). Figure 2 : Macroeconomic indicators of USA from the year 1990-2015 So, it seems from the above given data, it can be say that GDP is related to every economic indicator. Correlation between inflation, interest rate, and uemployment Inflation occurs when there is too much money is spends to chasing few goods in the economy. In the given table (Table: 3 Shown in Appendix) of Australian macroeconomic indicators, the Inflation rate is seen to be reduced as compare to the base year i.e. 1990 (Westphal and Rother, 2012).Inflation created a problem for central banks when it is constant rise. This situation arises when there is confusion between prices and wages of workers. The increase in price leads to the demand of high wages by workers, and it put pressure on companies to raise the wages. This can happen in the situation where the shortage of supply of labors. It indicates that strong GDP leads to risk for the interest rate. From the given table (Table: 3 and 4 shown in Appendix) it shows the negative correlation between the inflation and Interest rate. The degree of strength of the correlation is weak or it can be said that there is a weak correlation between the two variables. It depicts that if the inflation rises then the rate of interest rate is decreased. It means that the borrowing capacity is increased and people borrow more money due to the low-interest rate that results to consumers have more money to spend, that increased the inflationary pressure on the economy. Similarly, the correlation between interest rate and unemployment is also negative i.e. 0.37 (Ferraro, Rogoff and Rossi, 2015).The degree of strength of the correlation is weak. It means that the rise in interest rate leads to lower the unemployment rate in Australian and US economy. As the cost of borrowing is higher that leads to a reduction in investment and consumer spending. In turn, this means investments are less in the market that results in a reduction of new jobs in the market. This has a negative impact on the unemployment rate. In the second table (shown in the appendix) it shows the positive correlation between the interest rate and inflation variable in the US economy. The degree of strength is weak between two variables. Lower interest rate creates more borrowing power in the hands of consumers. And when a consumer spends more the economy grows and creating inflation. But as per the given data, it shows that the increase in interest rate impacts little positive on the inflation rate. As the interest rate increases the inflation is also increase little bit i.e. 0.36% (Jappelli, Pagano and Maggio, 2013). Correlation between the macroeconomic indicators in Australia and the USA As per the given data (shown in Appendix), it shows the positive correlation between the two countries in some of the macroeconomic indicators such as GDP rate, Inflation rate, import and export rate. And there is a negative correlation between two macroeconomic indicators, like unemployment and interest rates between two countries. There are various ups and down in the Australian economy in the years 1990-2015.The GDP percentage went down to negative in the year 1991 due to the recession and weak policies of the government. But after that period the GDP growth was moderate in the past years. It reached to the maximum percentage in the year 1999 i.e. 5.01 due to low inflation and unemployment in that particular year. Similarly, the GDP of USA had shown the moderate rise in the past years (Baskaran and Feld, 2013); it went down to negative in the years 1991, 2008, and 2009 due to the recession and low production of goods and services in the country. But after that, the signs of growth are positive in the economy of USA. It can be seen that the USA economy contributes to smoother outcomes in Australia. Other important variables like Inflation and import and export percentage of Australia is shown good in the past years. There is a positive correlation between Australian Inflation rate and USA Inflation rate i.e. 0.61.The degree of strength is good between these two variables of countrys economy.CPI inflation has shown declined positively in both the economies from past years. It means that the government has framed good monetary policies and the firms are confident and invested at large scale in both countries. Due to low inflation, both economies benefited from the financial crisis as the banking sector is strong so that the inflation is under control. Similarly, the import and export variables of both countries economy had shown the positive correlation i.e. 0.76 and 0.53 (Fan, Titman and Twite, 2012).The degree of strength is good among two variables. Import and export percentage increased annually at the moderate rate in both the economies. It depicts that the policies of inter national trade are flexible and minimum restrictions on import and export. The flexible policy benefited to consumers to buy goods and services at low prices. Lower tariffs encourage more exports in the economy. The increase in imports created a healthy competition in both the economies of the country. It also impacts the currency of the both the countries. From the given data of both the countries (shown in Appendix) it can be seen that if there is an increase or decrease of two variables (import and export) of one country, there is also a significant rise of two variables in another country also. Because both variables depend on each other country on the basis of cost, raw material, skills, and policies. The negative correlation between unemployment and the interest rate of the two countries, the degree of strength is a weak. It indicates that the increase in the rate of variables in one country results in the decrease in the rate of the similar variable in another country. Australia faced the issue of unemployment in past recent years may be due to financial crisis, wages problem and demography. Unemployment occurs due to wages problem in the country. Skilled labors get fewer wages as compared to their skills. At the same time, the USA outsourced the skilled labor with decent packages that reduces the level of unemployment in the USA. Another variable is interest rate is went down due to currency differences of two countries. Australia spends more to appreciate the value of the currency and the USA spends less to purchase the goods and services of the Australia. Due to differences in currencies of the two countries, the interest rates are inversely related to each other (Koellinger and Thurik, 2012). Tighter monetary policy in past decade As per the given data of both the countries, it is considered that the USA tightened the monetary policy as compared to Australia. Inflation data of Australia indicated the average increase of inflation rate was 2.73% from 1990-2015.And on the other hand in the USA, an average increase of inflation is 2.53% and the interest rate was 3.97% from 1990-2015 (Taylor, 2013).On the basis of Inflation rate data of the both the countries, it is considered that the USA had tightened the monetary policy due to the high inflation rate and interest rate. Tight monetary policy involves raising interest rates. High-interest rates lead to borrowings became more expensive so that the consumers and firms spend less. It encourages savings, Therefore firms and consumers have kept their money in the banks. Due to inflationary pressure, it affects the exchange rate of the country and tax structure.USA federal raising interest rates to appreciate the value of the dollar so that increase the savings rates i n the country (White, 2012). An appreciation in currency helps to reduce the inflationary pressure in the economy. The government also tightened the monetary policy to limit the supply of money. Due to less supply of money, it increases the demand for long-term bonds in the financial institutions. By sell off bonds there is a reduction in liquidity and therefore reduce the rate of lending in the market. High-interest rate does not always control the inflationary pressure in the countrys economy. There are other factors like for example rise of oil prices in tight monetary policy lowers the economic growth of the country. Australian government followed the easier monetary policy because the average rate of interest from the year 1990-2015 is 3.68% i.e. comparatively low from the USA. This policy helps countrys government to increase the money supply in the economy and lower interest rate increased the borrowings and spending capacity that helps into expansion of the countrys economy (Baxa et al., 2013) Macroeconomic outlook of Australia and the USA Australia economic outlook seems good as per the given data. From the year 1990-2000, the GDP growth rate was good. The economy was growing in these years. After the year 2000-2010, there were some obstacles in growth due to high unemployment rates and interest rates. As the economy was stagnant at that time due to poor governmental policies and plans, soon after the year 2000-2015, there was a moderate growth in the economy (Sheehan and Gregory, 2013). At the same time, Inflation and unemployment are also reduced at a certain level. It seems that the aggregate demand meets the supply factors. Production and consumption pattern of goods and services are maintained that is beneficial for the countrys economic growth. Data of Import and export had shown the signs of a rise in demand in the home and foreign countries. The current account deficit is improved due to increase in the level of export percentage. Similarly, import data has shown the expansion of the new market for the Austral ian economy due to high import rate. The Overall outlook is good and it will be better than expected, because the main macroeconomic pillars of the country i.e. real GDP, inflation, and Unemployment rate are constantly improved (IZA, 2016). On the other hand the USA macroeconomic outlook seems also good. The GDP growth rate was 2.42% from 1990-2015 as per given data. In 2008-2009, the GDP rate was continuously negative i.e. -0.29 and -2.78.The consequently negative GDP leads to recession for the country economy. Due to the recession, the rate of unemployment was also increased at that period. The countrys economy is grown moderate after the year 2009, USA federal tightened monetary policy to curb the inflation. It will help the economy to grow in the future and it will encourage growth and more investments in the country. Unemployment data of country falls constantly after 2009 that will enhance the optimal level of production in the economy, enhance buying power and fewer government borrowings in the country (Argy, 2013). As per the study of both the countries variables, it is forecast that the Australian economy will expand soon due to improvement in their macroeconomic indicators. Conclusions From the above study, it can be concluded that the real GDP, unemployment and inflation are the three main pillars of the countrys economy. Other macroeconomic indicators i.e. interest rate, import and export percentage which is based on these three important pillars. Further, it can be concluded that the both the countries tried to achieve the macroeconomic stability in the economy. When compared to both countries economic indicators, Australia had reduced the Unemployment rates in past decade. Similarly, on the other hand, USA had tightened the monetary policy to curb the inflation rate in the past years. Finally, it can be concluded that both countrys economy maintained their real GDP in the past decade. References Argy 2013. International Macroeconomics: Theory and Policy.UK: Routledge. 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